《箴言书》拾穗2:智慧是系统工程!


细读《箴言书》,我被其智慧震撼了。借助于检索工具 (www.blueletterbible.org),我发现希伯来语境中的智慧是全色谱的,极其丰富。“ 智慧” 不仅是名词,也是动词、形容词,它们组成一个体系。  

(1)   智慧首先是动词,可以翻为“用智”!

智慧的第一层意思是动词, 是用智慧、长智慧的意思,希伯来原文为חָכַם (注音为ḥāḵam, 发音为哈罕母),英文翻为 be wise。 例如,

箴言6:6懒惰人哪,你去察看蚂蚁的动作,就可得智慧 (חָכַם)。

这句话是个很好的象喻,懒惰的人去观察蚁群,小小的蚂蚁们居然那样彼此合作、勤劳劳动,得以生存。他可能因此得到启发,长了智慧明白勤劳的意思,开始用智慧来指导自己的生活。我们家乡话说某某做事“上心”,指的就是做事用心、凡事认真的意思。

《箴言书》中动词“用智”共使用14次,出现在12句经文中。

2)智慧的第二层意思是“智慧的”

智慧的第二层意思由动词展开,是用智的人具有的特点,有智慧的,希伯来原文为 חָכָם  (注音为 ḥāḵām, 发音 哈夯母), 英文翻为wise。留意חָכָם 的辅音音节与חָכַם的辅音音节是一样的,都是 ה כ מ

箴言 11:30 义人所结的果子,就是生命树。有智慧的(חָכָם)必能得人。  

《箴言书》中形容词“智慧的”共使用46次,出现在46句经文中。

3)智慧的第三层意思:智慧的内涵  

智慧的第三层意思是用智的人所拥有的那个内涵:就是名词的智慧,希伯来原文为חָכְמָה (注音为 ḥāḵmâ, 发音为浩赫玛),与英文wisdom 对应。  智慧的辅音字节是在动词基础上添加一个名词化的后缀ה而成的。名词智慧的内涵是可以传达、学习并获得。例如

箴言 1:2 要使人晓得智慧(חָכְמָה)和训诲。分辨通达的言语。

《箴言书》的中名词“智慧”共使用39次,出现在38句经文中。

4)智慧的第四层意思:变化中用智 (机智)

智慧的第四层意思是动词,是根据情境的变化而使用智慧,就是相机而变,我们不妨以“权变的智慧”(或者机智)来表示之。它与动词“用智”具有不同的词根。智慧地权变的希伯来原文是动词 שָׂכַל (注音 śāḵal,发音为萨海尔)。例如:

箴言 10:5 夏天聚敛的,是智慧(שָׂכַל)之子。收割时沉睡的,是贻羞之子。

这幅图画告诉我们:农业有农闲和农忙的季节。植物在地里生长是,农民可以比较清闲,而在庄稼熟透的夏天,农民必须加紧速度收割、打穗、入仓,倘若下雨,庄稼可能会烂在地里。所以,所以,这里的智慧乃是按照环境的变化智慧地权变! 很可惜这个词目前的英文翻译和中文翻译都没有准确地反应出这个“变动”性的智慧。我们与中华文化《易经》对比,这个权变的智慧类似于“变易”的意思!

《箴言书》中的中动词“权变的智慧机智”一共出现过13次 。

5)《箴言书》实在“智慧的超级氧吧”!

衡量铁矿石的指标是其含铁比例,我们可以把含铁量高于45%的铁矿成为富矿。我们不妨以“含智量”来看待《箴言书》。我们把箴言书中描绘智慧的四个词汇:用智、智慧的、智慧、权变,与旧约圣经使用四个词汇数量进行横向对比,就发现《箴言书》中出现的比例是极高的。神通过《箴言书》教导子民去智慧地生活的心意可见一斑。据统计,旧约总字数为609,269,《箴言书》的字数为 15038, 《箴言书》就篇幅而言,只占 旧约的2.5%,而关于智慧的部分却占了近 30%,其“智慧浓度”是全书“智慧浓度”的12倍数。  《箴言书》的确是旧约中的“超级智慧氧吧”!

《箴言书》 出现的次数《旧约》 出现的 次数比例
(1)用智    142714/27=52%
(2)智慧的     4613746/137=34%
(3)智慧    3914939/149=26%
(4)权变用智136313/63=21%
合计112376112/376=30%
默认图片
Louis Luo
文章: 141

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